Farmers in Pennsylvania are currently assessing their wheat fields to determine winter survival rates and plan for nitrogen application. The assessment involves measuring plant density using a yardstick or similar tool to count plants in a 3-foot row segment, repeating this process across multiple locations in the field to calculate the average plant count per square foot. This is crucial for predicting yield potential, which can range from 55% to 95% depending on plant density. Guidelines from the University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service assist farmers in these calculations.